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We are so going into space today |
50 years ago, we sent Apollo 8 to the moon. It wasn't originally planned as a moon mission, but rumor had it, the Soviets were going to send someone to the moon by the end of the year, and we had to beat them. The Saturn V rocket had only been used once before in Apollo 7. The newly redesigned crew capsule had never been tested in flight before. Nor had the guidance computer.
(Full disclosure: the human works for the company that designed the original Apollo guidance system.)
And they made it to the moon. It's not a mission you hear about a lot, but it's the mission that paved the way for Apollo 11. Apollo 8 showed that we could get someone to the moon and back.


The place the human works had a wonderful tribute night to the engineers and scientists behind Apollo 8 at a special event to preview the new PBS NOVA episode on Apollo 8 (broadcast at 12/26 9pm EST, on PBS. You should go watch it, because it is has all the fun stories behind the scenes on what the scientists and engineers were up to.) The human also got to meet people like John Aaron (the original steely-eyed missile man), Jerry Boswick (CAPCOM for Apollo 8), Poppy Northcutt (Return to Earth specialist for Apollo 8. Whoever thinks there weren't women in mission control is LYING), and Margaret Hamilton (who designed the Apollo Guidance Computer. Now (in)famous because she has been immortalized by LEGO as a minifig. So of course the human had the minifig on hand when she met Margaret Hamilton and showed her the minifig...)
There was a panel discussion at the event, and someone from the audience asked John Aaron, Jerry Boswick, and Poppy Northcutt what the most terrifying thing about Apollo 8 was for them.
John Aaron: We had 55 days between Apollo 7 splashdown and Apollo 8 countdown.
Jerry Boswick: I was told on a Friday afternoon to give an answer by Monday if Apollo 8 could go to the moon or not.
Poppy Northcutt: The return to earth system didn't work. I heard rumors that Apollo 8 was going to the moon, but that I thought that was *&^%$^ because we couldn't be sending anyone up when we couldn't get them back. We were doing bug fixes a few days before launch.
(Keep in mind 'bugfix' in those days involved wrapping wires around magnets to change values in computer memory...)
Our favorite story involves the Apollo Guidance Computer.
The lead engineer of the Apollo Guidance Computer, Margaret Hamilton, let her daughter play with the simulator for the guidance computer. And one day, her daughter managed to crash the guidance computer by giving it a command of 'change to program 01' when it was in flight mode. Program 01 is a test program for use before launch, so the guidance computer thought it was back on the launchpad when it was supposed to be in space.
And Margaret Hamilton, being a good engineer, brought this fact up to her bosses, and said 'We should make it so someone can't accidentally change the computer to Program 01 during flight.'
And her bosses, being men in the 1960s, said 'This can't possibly happen. Our astronauts are some of the most highly trained men we have. They can't possibly make a silly mistake like this.'
And on the way back from the moon, astronaut Bill Anders was making a star sighting (to give the guidance computer a stable reference point to work with). He was supposed to type VERB 37 NOUN 23, VERB 5 NOUN 01 (in English, that means 'Change program to star sighting, use star 01 as a reference'). What he actually typed was VERB 37 NOUN 01 ('Change program to program 01'), the exact thing that triggered a crash in the simulation...
So the capsule started going crazy, because the guidance computer thought it was back on the launchpad...
A frantic call to Houston, and a computer reset later...they were back on course and Bill Anders was no longer allowed to touch the computer...
The crew of Apollo 8 orbited the moon on Christmas Eve 1968, and, in a live TV broadcast, read from the Book of Genesis. Here's the transcript, directly from the mission control log files:
We are now approaching lunar sunrise, and the crew of Apollo 8 has a message that we would like to send to you.
In the beginning, God created the Heaven and the Earth. And the Earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters and God said "let there be light." And there was. And God saw the light and that it was good, and God divided the light from the darkness.
And God called light Day and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.
And God said "let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters. And let it divide the waters from the waters." And God made the firmament and divided-the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament. And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.
And God said "let the waters under the Heavens be gathered together into one place. And let the dry land appear." And it was so. And God called the dry land Earth. And the gathering together of the waters called the seas. And God saw that it was good.
And from the crew of Apollo 8, we close with good night, good luck, a Merry Christmas and God bless all of you - all of you on the good Earth.

(https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/apollo-8-earthrise)
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We'll go back to the moon some day... |